Analyst(s): Futurum Research
Publication Date: January 30, 2026

IBM’s quarter underscored durable software momentum in data and automation and a robust IBM Z refresh that is positioning mainframe as an AI workload platform. Consulting demand for AI services is growing despite subdued top-line growth, while productivity programs and M&A synergies underpin margin and free cash flow.

What is Covered in this Article:

• IBM’s Q4 FY 2025 financial results
• Software momentum in data and automation
• IBM Z cycle positions mainframe for AI
• AI productivity and M&A synergy execution
• Guidance and Final Thoughts

The News: International Business Machines (NYSE: IBM) reported Q4 FY 2025 results. Revenue was $19.7B, up 12% year over year (YoY), above consensus of $19.2B. Software revenue was $9.0B, up 14% YoY; Consulting revenue was $5.3B, up 3% YoY; Infrastructure revenue was $5.1B, up 21% YoY; and Financing revenue was $0.2B, up 5% YoY. Within Software, Data grew 22% YoY, Automation 18% YoY, Hybrid Cloud (Red Hat) 10% YoY, and Transaction Processing 8% YoY; within Infrastructure, IBM Z grew 67% YoY (61% at constant currency, or cc). Operating pre-tax income was $4.7B (+11% YoY) with an operating pre-tax margin of 24.1%. Operating net income was $4.3B and operating diluted EPS was $4.52, up 17% and 15% YoY, respectively. Free cash flow (FCF) for the quarter stood at $7.6B, up by $1.4B YoY.

“We enter 2026 with momentum and in a position of strength, giving us confidence in our full-year expectations of more than 5 percent constant currency revenue growth and an increase of about $1B in YoY FCF,” said Arvind Krishna, IBM chairman, president, and chief executive officer.

IBM Q4 FY 2025: Software and Z Cycle Lift Growth and FCF

Analyst Take: IBM’s quarter validated its software-led pivot, with acceleration in Data and Automation supported by recurring revenue scale, early GenAI monetization, and M&A leverage from HashiCorp. The IBM Z (z17) cycle is extending beyond classic mainframe workloads by enabling inline AI inferencing, which reinforces software pull-through across transaction processing and operations automation. Consulting grew modestly but showed stronger AI services momentum and improved mix, consistent with clients moving from pilots to scaled deployments. Productivity programs, AI-assisted engineering (Project Bob), and go-to-market scale for acquired platforms collectively supported record operating margins and FCF.

Software Momentum And Portfolio Shift

Software growth accelerated to 11% YoY cc in Q4, driven by Data (+19% YoY cc) and Automation (+14% YoY cc), reflecting demand for data governance, observability, and AI-infused operations. Red Hat grew 8% YoY cc, decelerating due to prior-year consumption comps and deal timing in U.S. federal, but OpenShift ARR reached $1.9B and grew above 30% YoY. ARR reached $23.6B, up more than $2.0B YoY, reinforcing the compounding effect of recurring revenue. HashiCorp delivered a record bookings quarter, with increasing synergy from IBM distribution and product integration. Transaction Processing returned to growth (+4% YoY cc), aided by record z17 placement and higher software attach. Overall, software’s mix and momentum indicate durable double-digit growth potential in FY 2026.

IBM Z As An AI Workload Platform

Infrastructure revenue grew 17% cc, led by IBM Z delivering its highest fourth-quarter revenue in more than two decades (+61% YoY), with z17 outperforming z16 across the launch window. z17 processes roughly 50% more daily AI inferencing operations than z16, bringing real-time inferencing into core systems and strengthening mainframe’s role in hybrid architectures. Hybrid Infrastructure rose 24% cc as clients modernize mission-critical workloads, while Distributed Infrastructure was flat amid product cycle dynamics. Infrastructure Support declined modestly (-2% YoY cc), consistent with the mix shift and cycle stage. The Z cycle’s 3x–4x stack multiplier continues to drive software and services pull-through across Transaction Processing, Automation, and operations management. The mainframe refresh remains a core driver of platform monetization and pipeline visibility into FY 2026.

AI, Productivity, And M&A Synergies

IBM’s cumulative GenAI book of business surpassed $12.5B, with more than $10.5B in Consulting and more than $2.0B in Software, reflecting the strongest quarterly uptick to date. Project Bob is now used by more than 20,000 IBMers, with reported average productivity gains of 45%, supporting faster delivery and margin expansion. Run-rate productivity savings exited 2025 at $4.5B, with a new target of $5.5B by the end of 2026 to fund innovation and mitigate acquisition dilution. HashiCorp delivered adjusted EBITDA accretion ahead of plan in its first full year, validating IBM’s distribution and product-synergy thesis. The announced Confluent acquisition complements data-in-motion and AI agent orchestration, with targeted $500 million operational spend run-rate synergies by the end of 2027. These AI-first operating motions and disciplined M&A synergies collectively support sustained margin and cash flow leverage.

Guidance and Final Thoughts

For FY 2026, IBM guides to cc revenue growth of more than 5% YoY (consensus estimate: +4.1% YoY), with approximately a half-point currency tailwind at current rates, and FCF of about $15.7B (up roughly $1.0B YoY). Software is expected to grow around 10% for the year, Consulting to accelerate to low-to-mid single digits, and Infrastructure to decline low single digits, given product cycle phasing. The company expects about 1 point of operating pre-tax margin expansion in FY 2026, with adjusted EBITDA growth as the primary FCF driver, and a mid-teens operating tax rate. Confluent is expected to close by mid-2026, with approximately $600 million of dilution in 2026, adjusted EBITDA accretive in the first full year post-close, and FCF accretive in year two. Q1 FY 2026 cc revenue growth should be similar to the full year, with approximately 100 basis points of operating pre-tax margin expansion YoY and workforce rebalancing similar to the prior year. IBM enters FY 2026 with revenue visibility from software ARR, a strengthening AI services pipeline, and operational levers to support margin expansion and cash generation.

See the full press release on IBM’s Q4 FY 2025 financial results on IBM’s website.

Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process: This content has been generated with the support of artificial intelligence technologies. Due to the fast pace of content creation and the continuous evolution of data and information, The Futurum Group and its analysts strive to ensure the accuracy and factual integrity of the information presented. However, the opinions and interpretations expressed in this content reflect those of the individual author/analyst. The Futurum Group makes no guarantees regarding the completeness, accuracy, or reliability of any information contained herein. Readers are encouraged to verify facts independently and consult relevant sources for further clarification.

Disclosure: Futurum is a research and advisory firm that engages or has engaged in research, analysis, and advisory services with many technology companies, including those mentioned in this article. The author does not hold any equity positions with any company mentioned in this article.

Analysis and opinions expressed herein are specific to the analyst individually and data and other information that might have been provided for validation, not those of Futurum as a whole.

Other insights from Futurum:

IBM Q3 FY 2025: Revenue Beat, Margin Expansion, AI, and Z Tailwinds

IBM, AMD Team with Zyphra to Build AI Infrastructure on IBM Cloud

Five Key Reasons Why Confluent Is Strategic To IBM

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